Microsoft's Photosynth takes collections of images, analyses them for similarities, and then displays them in a reconstructed 3D space.
The technology works by scanning collections of photographs, which can be taken from different cameras at different times. It picks out distinctive features in each image and cross-references them against the other photographs, checking for similarities.
This allows it to pinpoint a feature's 3D position and to also calculate where the position of the camera would have been when the picture was taken.